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长江流域是指长江干流和支流流经的广大区域,横跨中国东部、中部和西部三大经济区,共19个省、市和自治区,是世界第三大流域,流域总面积180万km2,占中国国土面积的18.8%。长江流域具有丰富的自然资源,依托长江黄金水道,孕育了发达的长江经济带。长江经济带拥有珍贵的岸线资源。长江岸线是口岸、产业及城镇布局的重要载体,而河岸植被缓冲带是长江流域的生态屏障和污染物入江的最后防线,不仅生物多样性丰富,生态系统服务功能价值高,而且是修复和建设长江绿色生态廊道的关键所在[1]。河岸植被缓冲带是流域保护的一项重要措施。国外的研究主要集中在河岸带生态恢复、河岸植被演替、河岸缓冲带对氮磷的净化机制、土地利用对河岸带的影响、河岸带管理和河岸缓冲带模拟研究等方面[2-6]。中国对河岸植被缓冲带的研究起步较晚,截至目前主要对河岸植被缓冲带的生态功能、截污效果、退化河岸带的生态修复,以及河岸带生态系统管理等方面[7-10]进行了研究,但大部分研究局限于定性介绍和小尺度的定位研究,缺乏流域尺度系统性的定量研究。本研究对长江流域河岸植被缓冲带的主要生态功能进行了研究,分析了目前长江流域河岸植被缓冲带面临的影响因素,并提出了植被缓冲带构建技术,以期为长江流域河岸植被缓冲带的构建技术提供科学依据,对长江经济带社会经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。
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