Landscape ecological risk assessment of county
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摘要:
目的 利用地理国情数据，定量化研究县域尺度下景观生态风险的变化趋势。 方法 以2015和2017年安徽省宿松县国情数据分类合并后的景观分布图为数据源，在地理信息系统(GIS)技术和Fragstats 4.2软件支持下，基于景观指数，采用地统计学方法，定量化分析2015−2017年宿松县土地景观动态变化、生态风险的时空变化及人类干扰活动对其的影响。 结果 宿松县景观破碎化程度不断增高, 多样化程度不断增强，景观分布呈复杂趋势；西北部景观破碎度、分离度、分维度均较低，景观多样化水平低，景观生态风险较低，中部和东南部景观破碎度、分离度、分维度较高，景观分布结构较为复杂，景观生态风险较高；宿松县低生态风险区、较低生态风险区、中等生态风险区面积呈降低趋势，而较高生态风险区和高生态风险区面积呈增加趋势。 结论 宿松县景观生态风险程度有所增加，生态等级表现为低等级向相邻的高等级转化，潜在生态风险程度从高到低排序为矿产资源区、鱼米之乡、交通枢纽镇、农业区、山地旅游区。图6表6参32 Abstract:Objective The geographic national conditions data was used to quantitatively study the change trend of landscape ecological risk at the county scale. Method Based on the geographic and national conditions data supported by the GIS technology and Fragstats 4.2 software, the landscape index were selected and the geo-statistical methods were used to analyzed the dynamic changes of landscape, spatial-temporal changes of landscape ecological risks and human disturbance activities in Susong County from 2015 to 2017. Result In the northwest, landscape fragmentation, landscape separation, landscape fractional dimension, the level of landscape diversity and landscape ecological risks were all lower; In the central and southeast, landscape fragmentation, landscape separation, and landscape sub-dimension were higher which shows that the landscape distribution structure was more complicated, and the landscape ecological risk was higher; The low ecological risk areas, lower ecological risk areas, and medium ecological risk areas were decreasing, while the areas of higher ecological risk areas and high ecological risk areas were increasing. Conclusion From 2015 to 2017, the degree of landscape ecological risk in Susong County increased, and the ecological risk level was transformed from a lower level to an adjacent higher level. The ecological risk levels of mineral resource areas, fish and rice towns, transportation hub towns, agricultural areas, and mountain tourist areas were arranged in order from high to low. [Ch, 6 fig. 6 tab. 32 ref.] -
Key words:
- landscape index /
- land use /
- geographical conditions /
- ecological risk /
- Susong County
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图 3 2015和2017年景观破碎度空间分布示意图
Figure 3 Spatial distribution map of landscape fragmentation in 2015 and 2017
图 4 2015和2017年景观分离度分布示意图
Figure 4 Spatial distribution map of landscape separation in 2015 and 2017
图 5 2015和2017年景观分维度分布示意图
Figure 5 Spatial distribution map of landscape by dimensions in 2015 and 2017
图 6 2015和2017年宿松县景观生态风险指数空间分布示意图
Figure 6 Spatial distribution map of landscape ecological risk index in Susong County in 2015 and 2017
表 1 不同水平下选取的土地利用景观指数
Table 1. Land use landscape index selected at different levels
景观特征 景观指数 水平类型 含义 面积与结构 斑块面积(CA) 类型 描述某斑块类型的
总面积斑块类型面积比例指数(PLAND) 类型 描述某斑块类型所占整个景观面积比例 形状 景观形状指数(LSI) 类型/景观 描述斑块形状边界
形状的复杂性多样性 Simpson 多样性指数(SIDI) 景观 描述斑块类型多样性程度 Simpson 均匀度指数(SIEI) 景观 描述斑块类型均匀性程度 
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表 2 景观脆弱度值归一化结果
Table 2. Normalized results of landscape vulnerability values
景观类型 脆弱度值 归一化值 建设用地 1 0.028 交通用地 2 0.056 林地 3 0.083 园地 4 0.111 耕地 5 0.139 水域 6 0.167 草地 7 0.194 未利用地 8 0.222
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表 3 2015和2017年类型水平上的格局指数
Table 3. Pattern index values at the type level in 2015 and 2017
景观类型 年份 CA/hm2 PLAND/% LSI 林地 2015 54 007 22.785 6 72.819 4 2017 53 038 22.376 7 72.817 8 耕地 2015 86 614 36.542 5 81.321 4 2017 86 367 36.438 2 82.403 7 建设用地 2015 11 000 4.640 9 73.838 1 2017 12 084 5.098 2 76.163 6 园地 2015 2 328 0.982 2 27.247 4 2017 2 380 1.004 1 27.479 6 交通用地 2015 1 984 0.837 1 41.677 8 2017 2 164 0.913 0 43.414 9 草地 2015 18 324 7.730 9 87.638 4 2017 18 278 7.711 5 86.273 1 水域 2015 62 615 26.417 3 30.990 0 2017 62 580 26.402 5 31.503 0 未利用地 2015 151 0.063 7 9.160 0 2017 132 0.055 7 9.869 6 说明：CA为斑块类型面积，PLAND为斑块面积比例，LSI 为景观形状指数
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表 4 2015和2017年景观水平上的格局指数
Table 4. Pattern index values at the landscape level in 2015 and 2017
年份 LSI SIDI SIEI 2015 74.329 6 0.736 7 0.842 0 2017 75.241 8 0.739 0 0.844 5 说明：LSI为景观形状指数，SIDI为Simpson 多样性指数， SIEI为Simpson 均匀度指数
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表 5 2015和2017年各级生态风险面积及其占比
Table 5. Areas and percentages of ecological risks at all levels in 2015 and 2017
生态风险等级 2015年 2017年 面积/km2 占比/% 面积/km2 占比/% 低 315.329 13.31 309.537 13.06 较低 504.786 21.30 481.612 20.32 中 687.981 29.02 642.376 27.10 较高 730.788 30.83 740.033 31.22 高 131.350 5.54 196.676 8.30
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表 6 2015和2017年宿松县各类乡镇不同等级的生态风险区面积
Table 6. Ecological risk area of different grades in various township of Susong County in 2015 and 2017
类别 乡镇 年份 不同等级生态风险区面积/ km2 低 较低 中等 较高 高 山地旅游区 北浴乡、柳坪乡、陈汉乡、隘口乡、趾凤乡、凉亭镇 2015 249.104 69.701 43.759 8.108 0.016 2017 247.286 68.742 41.539 11.401 1.720 农业区 河塌乡、五里乡复兴镇、下仓镇、破凉镇、华阳河农场、长铺镇 2015 7.043 155.911 323.446 187.567 35.868 2017 6.904 147.139 299.386 221.214 35.192 交通枢纽镇 二郎镇、孚玉镇九成监狱 2015 0.731 36.072 98.160 50.707 9.616 2017 0.057 33.934 90.754 59.559 10.982 鱼米之乡 高岭乡、程岭乡、千岭乡、佐坝乡、
许岭镇、洲头乡、汇口镇2015 58.451 243.102 222.531 433.498 85.850 2017 55.290 231.797 210.697 418.581 127.067 矿产资源区 九姑乡 2015 0 0 0.085 50.908 0 2017 0 0 0 29.278 21.715
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