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海绵热解炭固定化微生物吸附-降解餐饮废水中油脂的研究
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220338
Adsorption-degradation of oil in catering wastewater by the microorganism immobilized on sponge pyrolytic carbon
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摘要:
目的 随着餐饮行业的迅速发展，餐饮废水油脂对环境的危害日益严重，因此对餐饮废水油脂的治理刻不容缓。 方法 以废弃海绵为原料，经热解炭化制得吸附性能良好的海绵热解炭(SPCx，x为热解温度)，利用冷场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱对其形貌、结构等理化性质进行表征。利用SPCx吸附废水中大豆油，研究了热解温度、废水pH和温度等对吸附性能的影响；分析了SPC600吸附剂的吸附动力学和吸附等温线，采用Langmuir和Freundlich模型对数据进行分析。基于此，探究了SPC600固定化微生物对模拟废水和实际废水中油脂的吸附-降解规律。 结果 海绵热解炭(SPC600)具有丰富的“网络”结构和断裂分支，且表面含有大量的羟基、羰基和醚键等含氧官能团，进而提高了其对油脂吸附和微生物固定能力。优化的SPC600，在pH 7和吸附温度30 ℃时，吸附容量高达8 093.1 mg·g−1。吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程，且是以化学吸附为主的放热过程。将筛选的降解油脂菌株与SPC600制成固定化微生物吸附剂，对实际油脂废水的降解率可达67.6%，比游离菌株和游离菌株+SPC600分别平均高11.0%和14.4%。 结论 采用海绵热解炭固定化微生物技术，在稳定降解菌株的同时提高了油脂降解率，实现“以废治废”，避免二次污染，具有较好的应用前景。图8表3参42 Abstract:Objective The objective of this study is to explore the effective treatment of catering wastewater, which has become increasingly harmful to the environment with the rapid development of catering industry. Method Sponge pyrolytic carbon (SPCx) with good adsorption performance was prepared from waste sponge by pyrolysis and carbonization. The physical and chemical properties such as the morphology and structure of the materials were characterized by cold field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Through the adsorption of soybean oil in wastewater by SPCx, the effects of pyrolysis temperature, wastewater pH and temperature on the adsorption performance were studied. The adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm of SPC600 adsorbent were analyzed, and the Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to analyze the data. Based on this, the oil adsorption-degradation law of SPC600 immobilized microorganisms in simulated wastewater and actual wastewater was explored. Result Sponge pyrolytic carbon (SPC600) had abundant “network” structure and fracture branches, and contained a large number of hydroxyl, carbonyl, ether bonds, and other oxygen-containing functional groups on its surface, which improved its ability to adsorb oil and immobilize microoganism. The optimized SPC600 had an adsorption capacity of 8 093.1 mg·g−1 at pH 7 and adsorption temperature of 30 ℃. The adsorption process of oil conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and was an exothermic process dominated by chemical adsorption. The screened oil-degrading strains and SPC600 were made into immobilized microbial adsorbents, and the degradation rate of actual oil wastewater reached 67.6%, which was 11.0% and 14.4% higher than that of free strain and free strain+SPC600 respectively. Conclusion The sponge pyrolytic carbon immobilized microbial technology can stabilize the degrading strain and improve the oil degradation rate, so as to achieve the effect of “treating waste with waste” and avoid secondary pollution, which has a good application prospect. [Ch, 8 fig. 3 tab. 42 ref.] -
图 1 不同条件下SPCx的SEM照片
Figure 1 SEM images of sponge pyrolytic carbon (SPCx) under different conditions
图 2 不同热解温度海绵热解炭(SPCx)的傅立叶红外光谱图
Figure 2 Fourier infrared spectra of sponge pyrolytic carbon (SPCx) at different pyrolysis temperatures
图 3 SPC600的XPS全扫描谱(A)和C1s谱(B)
Figure 3 XPS full scan spectrum (A) and C1s spectrum (B) of SPC600
图 4 不同热解温度(A)、pH(B)和吸附温度(C)对大豆油吸附的影响
Figure 4 Effects of pyrolysis temperatures (A), simulated wastewater pH (B) and simulated wastewater temperature (C) on the adsorption of soybean oil
图 5 SPC600对大豆油吸附准一级和准二级动力学拟合曲线
Figure 5 Quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic curves of SPC600 adsorption of soybean oil
图 6 SPC600吸附大豆油的Langmuir(A)和Freundlich(B)等温线拟合曲线
Figure 6 Langmuir (A) and Freundlich (B) isotherm curves of SPC600 adsorption of soybean oil
图 7 不同模拟废水的pH(A)和温度(B)对SPC600固定化微生物降解大豆油的影响
Figure 7 Effects of pH(A) and temperature (B) of different simulated wastewater on degradation of soybean oil by SPC600 immobilized microorganisms
图 8 SPC600固定化微生物降解模拟废水(A)和实际废水(B)油脂的变化曲线
Figure 8 Lipid degradation curves of simulated wastewater (A) and actual wastewater (B) by SPC600 immobilized microorganisms
表 1 SPC600的吸附动力学方程式及拟合参数
Table 1. Adsorption kinetics equations and correlation coefficients for SPC600
准一级动力方程 准二级动力方程 k1 qe1/(mg·g−1) R2 k2 qe2/(mg·g−1) R2 0.112 1 7 785.6 0.869 6 0.002 6 8 027.1 0.981 1 
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表 2 不同吸附材料对油脂的吸附容量对比
Table 2. Comparison of oil adsorption capacity of different adsorption materials
序号 吸附材料 吸附容量/
(mg·g−1)参考
文献序号 吸附材料 吸附容量/
(mg·g−1)参考
文献序号 吸附材料 吸附容量/
(mg·g−1)参考
文献1 壳聚糖 99.9 [30] 5 甘蔗渣 6 650.0 [33] 9 松木屑生物炭 1 960.0 [36] 2 不可溶膳食纤维 1 270.0 [31] 6 萝藦种毛纤维 81 520.0 [34] 10 水稻生物炭 10 880.0 [37] 3 新鲜粽叶 1 766.4 [32] 7 辣木种子活性炭 111.1 [35] 11 磁性活性炭 1 900.0 4 改性花生壳 166.7 [28] 8 豆荚活性炭 104.2 [35] 12 海绵热解炭 8 093.1 本研究 说明：松木屑生物炭和磁性活性炭吸附石油;水稻生物炭吸附石蜡油；其余均吸附植物油脂
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表 3 不同温度下SPC600吸附等温方程及拟合参数
Table 3. Adsorption isotherm equations and correlation coefficients for SPC600 at different temperatures
温度/℃ Langmuir模型 Freundlich模型 qm/(mg·g−1) kL R2 n kF R2 20 15 495.40 0.004 9 0.998 4 3.46 5.48 0.984 9 30 17 374.08 0.004 5 0.991 5 3.38 5.46 0.986 6 40 14 085.93 0.006 2 0.989 6 3.93 5.82 0.990 7
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