-
楠木自古以来被誉为江南四大名木之首,国家二级保护植物,主要包括樟科Lauraceae润楠属Machilus和桢楠属Phoebe植物,多为高大乔木,树干通直,树型优美,且具有驱虫等功效,深受人们喜爱,是中国重要的景观树种和经济树种[1-2]。炭疽病是近年来危害楠木健康的主要病害之一,侵染叶片边缘、叶尖,病斑呈灰褐色至暗褐色,枝部感染处为黑褐色,病健交界处明显。此前学者在广西南宁市良凤江国家森林苗圃基地和博白县林业科学研究所,以及广东省肇庆市北岭山珍贵树种种植基地调查发现该病害发生严重[3-4]。目前,关于楠木炭疽病防治研究相对较少,且仅限于病原菌鉴定及其发病规律,植物诱导抗性用于楠木病害防治未见报道。化学防治是林业病害防治中最快速、有效的方法。然而,重复使用化学杀菌剂已经导致许多问题,如抗药性、环境污染、化学残留等。植物抗病性是利用植物自身的免疫性来对抗病原物的侵染,是近年来的研究热点。很多研究证明通过天然或化学合成物等可以诱导植物产生抗性,抵抗病原物入侵,从而达到防治效果。水杨酸(SA)是一种内源性激发子,是信号传导系统中的重要组成部分,参与调控植物生理生化等过程[5-6]。水杨酸可以诱导植物局部获得性抗性和系统获得性抗性(SAR)[7-9],在1979年对感染花叶病毒(TMV)的烟草Nicotiana tabacum 栽培种Xanthi-NC研究中首次证明[10],随后人们通过大量实验对水杨酸可以提高植物的抗病性加以验证,如山茶Camellia japonica灰斑病[11]、桉树Eucalyptus焦枯病[12]、油茶C. oleifera炭疽病[13]等。本研究分析了SA对楠木炭疽病的诱导抗性,测定可溶性蛋白质、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的变化来探究其作用机理,旨在为病害防治提供依据。
Resistance of Phoebe sheareri to anthracnose induced by salicylic acid
-
摘要:
目的 探究水杨酸(SA)诱导紫楠Phoebe sheareri对炭疽病的抗性。 方法 以2年生紫楠为材料,用0、50、100、200、500 mg·L−1质量浓度SA对紫楠进行喷雾处理,以无菌水喷洒不接种为对照(ck)。喷雾后选择不同时间采集紫楠叶片,采用离体刺伤接种法测定对炭疽病病斑的抑制作用,并测定了紫楠叶片中可溶性蛋白质、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的变化。 结果 不同质量浓度SA处理的紫楠叶片均对炭疽病病斑有抑制作用,100 mg·L−1 SA处理对病斑抑制率达64.28%,在SA喷雾的同时接种炭疽病孢子悬浮液后,叶片的可溶性蛋白质、SOD、CAT和POD在1~7 d内升高,达到峰值时可溶性蛋白质为ck的2.57倍,SOD活性为ck的1.21倍,CAT活性为ck的2.04倍,POD活性为ck的1.46倍,7 d后呈下降趋势,15 d内各生理指标均显著高于ck。 结论 SA可诱导紫楠叶片可溶性蛋白质、SOD、CAT和POD升高,对炭疽病产生抗病性。图3参23 Abstract:Objective The objective is to investigate the resistance of Phoebe sheareri to anthracnose induced by salicylic acid (SA). Method The 2-year old P. sheareri was used as material, spayed with 100, 200, 500 mg·L−1 SA. After 5 days, the leaves were collected and in vitro puncture inoculation method was used to determine the inhibition of anthracnose lesions, changes in soluble protein, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in the leaves. Result Leaves treated with different concentrations of SA could inhibit the anthracnose lesions, and the lesion inhibition rate with 100 mg·L−1 SA treatment reached 64.28%. After SA spray and inoculation with anthracnose, soluble protein, SOD, CAT and POD in leaves increased in 1−7 days, and decreased after 7 days. At the peak, the soluble protein was 2.57 times of ck, SOD was 1.21 times of ck, CAT was 2.04 times of ck, and POD was 1.46 times of ck. All physiological indexes were higher than those of ck within 15 days. Conclusion SA can induce the increase of soluble protein, SOD, CAT and POD of P. sheareri and produce disease resistance.[Ch, 3 fig. 23 ref.] -
-
[1] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志: 第31卷[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1982. [2] 郑万钧. 中国树木志: 第1卷[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 1983. [3] 吴奉奇.几种珍贵阔叶树种炭疽病分子鉴定研究[D]. 广州: 华南农业大学, 2016. WU Fengqi. Molecular Identification of Anthracnose pathogen on Several Precious Broad Leaf Tree Species[D]. Guangzhou: South China Agricultural University, 2016. [4] 张艳明. 广西珍贵树种病害调查及柚木两种叶斑病病菌的生物学特性测定[D]. 南宁: 广西大学, 2015. ZHANG Yanming. Invertigation on Diserases of Precious Trees in Guangxi and the Study on the Biological Characteristcs of Pathogens of Two Tectona grandis Leaf Spots[D]. Nanning: Guangxi University, 2015. [5] KLESSIG D F, CHOI H W, DEMPSEY D M A. Systemic acquired resistance and salicylic acid: past, present, and future [J]. Mol Plant-microbe Interaction, 2018, 31(9): 871 − 888. [6] VENUGOPAL S C, JEONG R D, MANDAL M K, et al. Enhanced disease susceptibility 1 and salicylic acid act redundantly to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling [J]. PLoS Genet, 2009, 5(7): e1000545. [7] DURRANT W E, DONG X. Systemic acquired resistance [J]. Annu Rev Phytopathol, 2004, 42: 185 − 209. [8] 洪剑明,邱泽生,柴晓清. 植物的诱导抗病性[J]. 植物学通报, 1997, 14(2): 24 − 30. HONG Jianming, QIU Zesheng, CHAI Xiaoqing. Induced disease resistance of plant [J]. Chin Bull Bot, 1997, 14(2): 24 − 30. [9] HE Junyu, REN Yanfang, CHEN Chen, et al. Defense responses of salicylic acid in mango fruit against postharvest anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and its possible mechanism [J]. J Food Saf, 2017, 37(1): e12294. [10] 丁秀英,张军,苏宝林,等. 水杨酸在植物抗病中的作用[J]. 植物学通报, 2001, 18(2): 163 − 168. DING Xiuying, ZHANG Jun, SU Baolin, et al. Role of salicylic acid in plant disease resistance [J]. Chin Bull Bot, 2001, 18(2): 163 − 168. [11] 李姝江,朱天辉,黄艳娜,等. 水杨酸诱导山茶抗灰斑病的作用及生理生化响应[J]. 林业科学, 2012, 48(2): 103 − 109. LI Shujiang, ZHU Tianhui, HUANG Yanna, et al. Roles of salicylic acid in inducing resistance of Camellia to the gray spot and the biochemical resp [J]. Sci Silv Sin, 2012, 48(2): 103 − 109. [12] 郭朦朦,陈慧洁,冯丽贞,等. 茉莉酸甲酯诱导桉树对焦枯病的抗性研究[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2018, 40(1): 103 − 108. GUO Mengmeng, CHEN Huijie, FENG Lizhen, et al. A Study on the induced resistance of Eucalyptus against Calonectria pseudoreteaudi by MEJA [J]. Acta Agric Univ Jiangxi, 2018, 40(1): 103 − 108. [13] 王军,陈绍红,黄永芳,等. 水杨酸诱导油茶抗炭疽病的研究[J]. 林业科学研究, 2006, 19(5): 629 − 632. WANG Jun, CHEN Shaohong, HUANG Yongfang, et al. Induced resistance to anthracnose of Camelia oleifera by salicylic acid [J]. For Res, 2006, 19(5): 629 − 632. [14] 方中达. 植病研究方法[M]. 北京: 农业出版社, 1998: 151 − 154. [15] MEJRI S, SIAH A, ABUHAIE C M, et al. New salicylic acid and pyroglutamic acid conjugated derivatives confer protection to bread wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici [J]. J Sci Food Agric, 2018, 99(4): 1780 − 1786. [16] ARGUS CEZAR D R N, MARCELO M, ROBSON MARCELO D P. Antifungal activity of salicylic acid against Penicillium expansum and its possible mechanisms of action [J]. Int J Food Microbiol, 2015, 215: 64 − 70. [17] ABO-ELYOUSR K A M, IBRAHIM Y E, BALABEL N M. Induction of disease defensive enzymes in response to treatment with acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf2 and inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum race 3, biovar 2(phylotype Ⅱ) [J]. J Phytopathol, 2012, 160(7/8): 382 − 389. [18] MYRESIOTIS C K, KARAOGLANIDIS G S, VRYZAS Z, et al. Evaluation of plant-rowth-promoting rhizobacteria, acibenzolar-S-methyl and hymexazol for integrated control of Fusarium crown and root rot on tomato [J]. Pest Manage Sci, 2012, 68(3): 404 − 411. [19] SALDAJENO M G B, HYAKUMACHI M. The plant growth-promoting fungus Fusarium equiseti and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae stimulate plant growth and reduce severity of anthracnose and damping‐off diseases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings [J]. Ann Appl Biol, 2011, 159(1): 28 − 40. [20] DEENAMO N, KUYYOGSUY A, KHOMPATARA K, et al. Salicylic acid induces resistance in rubber tree against Phytophthora palmivora [J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2018, 19(7): 1883. [21] LIN Jinhe, GONG Deqiang, ZHU Shijiang, et al. Expression of PPO and POD genes and contents of polyphenolic compounds in harvested mango fruits in relation to Benzothiadiazole-induced defense against anthracnose [J]. Sci Hortic, 2011, 130(1): 85 − 89. [22] ZHANG Zhaengke, YANG Dongping, YANG Bo, et al. β-Aminobutyric acid induces resistance of mango fruit to postharvest anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and enhances activity of fruit defense mechanisms [J]. Sci Hortic, 2013, 160: 78 − 84. [23] WEN Pengfei, CHEN Jianye, KONG Weifu, et al. Salicylic acid induced the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase gene in grape berry [J]. Plant Sci, 2005, 169(5): 928 − 934. -
链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20190342