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萜(terpenoid)是以异戊二烯(isoprene)为基本单元的生物大分子,在人们日常生活、食品、医疗保健、化工材料及军事等领域蕴藏着巨大的商业价值。甲羟戊酸途径(mevalonate pathway,MVA pathway)和2-甲基-D-赤藓醇-4-磷酸途径(2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate,MEP pathway)是生物中萜类物质合成的2条基本途径,前者存在于几乎所有古生菌和真核生物,也存在于一些革兰氏阳性菌中;后者存在于大多数细菌和植物体内[1-2]。2-甲基-D-赤藓醇-2,4-环焦磷酸合酶(2-C-Methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase,MDS)是MEP途径第5个作用酶,催化4-(5′-焦磷酸胞苷)-2-C-甲基-D-赤藓醇-2-磷酸(4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2-phosphate,CDP-MEP)生成2-甲基-D-赤藓醇-2,4-环焦磷酸(2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-2,4-cyclodiphosphate,MEcPP),该反应需要镁离子(Mg2+)或锰离子(Mn2+)协助,并释放出1分子胞苷磷酸[3-4]。一些研究认为MDS是MEP途径关键酶,在异戊烯焦磷酸(IPP)生物合成过程中起重要的调节作用。在悬浮培养长春花细胞中发现上调MDS基因可提高单萜类物质吲哚胆碱的含量,也有利于MEP途径代谢流向更下游的方向[5]。半定量RT-PCR结果显示红豆杉Taxus chinensis和银杏Ginkgo biloba MDS基因具有组织特异性,并都以叶中表达量最高[6-7]。杜仲Eucommia ulmoides是中国名贵的中药材和工业橡胶原料树种,适生于华中、华西、西南及西北各地,现广泛栽培[8]。以杜仲胶和环烯醚萜类为典型的杜仲萜类次生产物具有重要的应用与经济价值,其中杜仲胶属多萜化合物,具有优良的共混和加工性能,是材料领域重要的新型战略物质[9-10];杜仲环烯醚萜类属单萜化合物,具有利胆、镇痛、保肝、抗癌、抗炎、抗氧化以及抗骨质疏松等功能,是保健及医药领域重要的天然活性成分[11-12]。目前对杜仲萜类生物合成特别是MEP途径相关作用基因开展的研究不多,对杜仲MDS基因的克隆及序列分析尚无报道。本研究以杜仲叶片为材料,分离MDS同源基因全长cDNA,通过生物信息学方法对基因序列及推导的氨基酸序列进行分析,以期为研究杜仲MDS基因功能,阐释杜仲萜类生物合成机制和分子育种提供参考。
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