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开花是植物生命周期中的重要发育阶段,受自身遗传和外界环境因素的影响[1]。FCA(FLOWERING LOCUS CA)参与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana开花调控,通过多腺苷酸化(polyadenylation)和介导FLC(FLOWERING LOCUS C)染色质的组蛋白去甲基化(demethylation)调控开花[2-4]。拟南芥的fca突变后会抑制开花促进因子FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)和SOC1(SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS)的表达,fca突变体在不同光周期下均表现出晚花表型[5]。另外,FCA可以激活LFY(LEAFY)和AP1(APETALA1)的活性促进拟南芥开花[6]。将水稻Oryza sativa和巴西橡胶树Hevea brasiliensis的FCA基因转入拟南芥fca突变体,会导致晚花性状出现逆转和恢复[7-8]。由此可见,FCA在植物花期调控方面发挥着重要作用。环境温度影响植物开花时间。植物FCA基因是温敏途径(thermosensory pathway)中的重要基因,可响应温度变化调控植物的花芽分化[9]。与16 ℃相比,23 ℃可促进拟南芥FCA的转录,使FCA蛋白水平升高,fca突变体对温度不敏感[10]。FCA通过诱导FT表达在高温下促进拟南芥开花[11]。与1年生拟南芥相比,一些多年生植物对温度变化的反应及其对开花的影响表现出多样性。例如,在多年生拟南芥的1个祖先近源种Boechera stricta中,与18 ℃相比,25 ℃处理下开花延迟[12];同样,在菊花Chrysanthemum morifolium中,也发现夏季温度升高能延迟菊花开花[13]。目前,对环境温度调控其开花的机理主要集中于模式植物中,木本植物种类繁多,且开花差异很大,关于木本植物中如何响应环境温度变化调控开花的机理仍不清楚。本研究通过对桂花Osmanthus fragrans OfFCA基因的同源克隆和定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR),分析OfFCA在不同温度下桂花不同花芽分化时期不同组织中的表达情况,初步探究OfFCA参与桂花花芽分化的调控作用,为桂花的花期调控、遗传改良以及新品种培育提供一定理论基础。
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