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石蒜属Lycoris植物为多年生球根花卉,花型奇特且类型繁多,花色丰富,冬春花败观其叶,夏秋叶枯赏其花,观赏价值高[1]。此外,石蒜属植物含有的生物碱、石蒜碱颇具医药研究开发潜力[2−3]。石蒜新品种‘梦幻少女’Lycoris chinensis × radiata ‘Astro Girl’是中国石蒜L. chinensis和石蒜L. radiata的种间杂交种,其花色以乳黄白色为底色,雾粉渐变于花瓣末端,花朵形态优雅折曲,同样渐变色的花丝抽展而出,呈现梦幻、活力、雅致的观赏感,极具研究和推广价值,但‘梦幻少女’染色体数目(2n=19)为非整倍数,自然条件下种球繁殖效率低,速度慢。
植物组织培养技术成为目前推广新品种和良种的重要手段。该技术具有材料耗费量少、繁殖系数高、不受季节限制、周期短和快速批量成苗的特点,能够良好地保持繁殖母本遗传基因型,从而获得优良稳定材料。至今已建立多种石蒜属植物的组培快繁体系[4],但主要以带基盘的双鳞片或鳞茎为外植体,通过诱导不定芽来建立离体快繁体系,繁殖系数相对较低。通过体胚发生途径,可获得数量更多、发育速度更快、遗传性更稳定的再生植株,在栎属Quercus[5]、松科Pinaceae[6−7]及云杉属Picea[8]等植物建立的体胚发生体系,加速了林木育种改良、苗木工程绿化、有效成分提取及种质资源保护与利用等方面的应用。然而,多数植物体胚的研究仍存在体胚形成再生植株困难和发育不同步等瓶颈[9]。关于石蒜属植物体胚相关的研究,仅王彩霞等[10]通过诱导忽地笑Lycoris aurea鳞茎盘端1/3鳞茎的愈伤组织,进而分化体胚,而关于石蒜属其他种的体胚研究还相对较少。鉴于此,本研究分析了石蒜‘梦幻少女’体胚发生过程中的细胞学与生理特性,探索其体胚繁殖体系及发育机理,为石蒜属植物工厂化育苗提供技术支撑。
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