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紫柏山国家级自然保护区不同植被类型土壤碳氮分布特征及其影响因素
doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20200509
Distribution characteristics and influencing factors of soil carbon and nitrogen under different vegetation types in Zibaishan National Nature Reserve
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摘要:
目的 研究陕西省宝鸡市紫柏山国家级自然保护区不同植被类型下土壤碳氮分布特征，探讨其主要影响因素。 方法 以保护区内壤土类型(槲栎Quercus aliena林、华山松Pinus armandii林)和砂质土类型(锐齿栎Q. aliena var. acuteserrata林、栓皮栎Q. variabilis林、白桦Betula platyphylla林)不同土层土壤样品为研究对象，比较5种植被类型下土壤有机碳质量分数、全氮质量分数、土壤碳氮密度和土壤碳氮储量及碳氮比的差异，分析土壤有机碳、全氮、碳氮比与土壤理化性质的关系。 结果 ①壤土区土壤有机碳质量分数、全氮质量分数、土壤碳氮密度及土壤碳氮储量显著高于砂质土区(P＜0.05)，其中壤土区各土层从大到小表现为槲栎林、华山松林，砂质土区各土层从大到小表现为白桦林、锐齿栎林、栓皮栎林。②土壤有机碳质量分数、全氮质量分数、土壤碳氮密度及土壤碳氮储量在0~30 cm土层均随土层深度的增加而显著降低(P＜0.05)；③各植被类型不同土层的土壤碳氮比分布无明显规律且差异不显著，碳氮比为9.94~16.23，有机质的矿化能力较强；④土壤含水量、容重是影响土壤有机碳和全氮质量分数的主要因子，土壤含水量、pH是影响碳氮比的主要因子。 结论 不同植被类型下土壤有机碳质量分数、全氮质量分数、土壤碳氮密度及土壤碳氮储量存在显著差异(P＜0.05)，土壤含水量是影响土壤有机碳、全氮和碳氮比的关键因子。图4表5参36 Abstract:Objective The objective of this study is to explore the distribution characteristics of soil carbon and nitrogen under different vegetation types in Zibaishan National Nature Reserve, and analyze its main influencing factors. Method Soil samples were collected from different soil layers, including loam types (Q. aliena forest and P. armandii forest) and sandy types (Q. aliena var. acuteserrata forest, Q. variabilis forest, B. platyphylla forest). The content, density and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and carbon-nitrogen ratio (C∶N) under 5 different vegetation types were compared, and the relationship between SOC, TN, C∶N and soil physical and chemical properties was analyzed. Result (1)The content, density and storage of SOC and TN in the loam soil were significantly higher than those in the sandy soil (P＜0.05). As for loam soil, Q. aliena forest had the largest content, density and storage of SOC and TN, followed by P. armandii forest. For sandy soil, the order from large to small was B. platyphylla forest, Q. aliena var. acuteserrata forest, and Q. variabilis forest. (2)With the increase of soil depth, the content, density and storage of SOC and TN in 0−30 cm soil layer decreased significantly (P＜0.05). (3)Soil C∶N in different soil layers of different vegetation types showed little regularity or differences. The value of C∶N was 9.94−16.23, indicating strong mineralization ability of organic matter. (4)Soil water content (SWC) and bulk density (BD) were the main factors affecting soil SOC and TN content, while SWC and pH were the main factors affecting C∶N. Conclusion There are significant differences in content, density and storage of SOC and TN under different vegetation types, and SWC is a key factor affecting SOC, TN and C∶N. This study has a certain reference value for the protection and management of forest ecosystem in the reserve. [Ch, 4 fig. 5 tab. 36 ref.] -
Key words:
- forest soil science /
- Zibaishan National Nature Reserve /
- vegetation type /
- soil type /
- organic carbon /
- total nitrogen
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图 1 不同植被类型下土壤有机碳和全氮质量分数分布特征
不同大写字母表示同一植被类型不同土层间差异显著(P＜0.05)；不同小写字母表示同一土层不同植被类型间差异显著(P＜0.05)
Figure 1 Distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen in soils under different vegetation types
图 2 不同植被类型下土壤有机碳和全氮的密度分布特征
不同大写字母表示同一植被类型不同土层间差异显著(P＜0.05)；不同小写字母表示同一土层不同植被类型间差异显著(P＜0.05)
Figure 2 Distribution characteristics of density of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen under different vegetation types
图 3 不同植被类型下土壤有机碳和全氮的储量分布特征
不同小写字母表示不同植被类型间差异显著(P＜0.05)
Figure 3 Distribution characteristics of density of soil organic carbon and total nitrogen under different vegetation types
图 4 影响因子与土壤碳、氮质量分数及碳氮比冗余分析二维排序图
Figure 4 Two-dimensional sequence diagram of RDA analysis of influencing factors, soil C, N and carbon-nitrogen ratio
表 1 样地基本情况
Table 1. Basic situation of the sample plots
植被类型 北纬(N) 东经(E) 土壤类型 海拔/m 坡位 坡向 林龄/a 锐齿栎林 33°42′37′′ 106°47′28′′ 砂质土 1 406 中 东南 25 栓皮栎林 33°42′44′′ 106°47′17′′ 砂质土 1 420 中 东南 20 白桦林 33°42′59′′ 106°46′12′′ 砂质土 1 450 中 东南 20 槲栎林 33°43′06′′ 106°46′50′′ 壤土 1 424 中 南 25 华山松林 33°41′38′′ 106°48′08′′ 壤土 1 546 中 南 26 
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表 2 不同植被类型下土壤碳氮比的分布特征
Table 2. Distribution characteristics of soil C∶N under different vegetation types
土层/cm 不同植被类型下土壤碳氮比 锐齿栎林 栓皮栎林 白桦林 槲栎林 华山松林 0~10 16.23±1.29 Aa 13.77±0.41 Ab 10.67±0.21 Ad 11.90±0.39 Ac 10.35±0.06 Ad 10~20 16.02±0.53 Aa 14.69±0.20 Ab 9.94±0.22 Ad 12.38±0.16 Ac 11.70±0.56 Ac 20~30 15.98±1.46 Aa 13.54±0.69 Ab 10.63±0.23 Ad 12.49±0.56 Abc 11.29±0.09 Acd 平均值 16.08 14.00 10.42 12.26 11.12 说明：不同大写字母表示同一植被类型不同土层间差异显著(P＜0.05)，不同小写字母表示同一土层类型不同植被间差异显著(P＜ 0.05)
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表 3 不同植被类型下土壤有机碳与全氮的关系
Table 3. Relationship between SOC and TN under different vegetation types
群落类型 样点数 回归方程 R2 显著性 锐齿栎林 9 y=15.780x+0.122 0.956 ＜0.01 栓皮栎林 9 y=13.644x+0.127 0.922 ＜0.01 白桦林 9 y=10.743x−0.313 0.984 ＜0.01 槲栎林 9 y=6.716x+8.191 0.705 ＜0.01 华山松林 9 y=9.435x+1.660 0.995 ＜0.01 全部 54 y=10.393x+1.429 0.949 ＜0.01 说明：x为全氮质量分数，y为有机碳质量分数
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表 4 不同土壤类型下土壤有机碳与全氮的关系
Table 4. Relationship between SOC and TN under different soil types
土壤类型 样点数 回归方程 R2 显著性 砂质土 27 y=9.113x+2.041 0.887 ＜0.01 壤土 18 y=10.864x+1.037 0.919 ＜0.01 说明：x为全氮质量分数，y为有机碳质量分数
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表 5 土壤有机碳、全氮及 碳氮比与影响因子的相关系数
Table 5. Correlation coefficients of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, C∶N and influencing factors
项目 土壤有机碳 全氮 土壤容重 土壤含水量 pH 土壤电导率 总孔隙度 毛管孔隙度 非毛管孔隙度 土壤有机碳 1 0.974** 0.311* 0.729** 0.008 0.032 0.221 0.250 0.051 全氮 1 0.336* 0.733** 0.166 0.028 0.195 0.189 0.082 碳氮比 −0.501** −0.478** −0.645** 0.106 0.284 0.309* 0.078 说明：**表示极显著相关(P＜0.01)，*表示显著相关(P＜0.05)
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