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石蒜属Lycoris植物为多年生球根花卉,花型奇特且类型繁多,花色丰富,冬春花败观其叶,夏秋叶枯赏其花,观赏价值高[1]。此外,石蒜属植物含有的生物碱、石蒜碱颇具医药研究开发潜力[2−3]。石蒜新品种‘梦幻少女’Lycoris chinensis × radiata ‘Astro Girl’是中国石蒜L. chinensis和石蒜L. radiata的种间杂交种,其花色以乳黄白色为底色,雾粉渐变于花瓣末端,花朵形态优雅折曲,同样渐变色的花丝抽展而出,呈现梦幻、活力、雅致的观赏感,极具研究和推广价值,但‘梦幻少女’染色体数目(2n=19)为非整倍数,自然条件下种球繁殖效率低,速度慢。
植物组织培养技术成为目前推广新品种和良种的重要手段。该技术具有材料耗费量少、繁殖系数高、不受季节限制、周期短和快速批量成苗的特点,能够良好地保持繁殖母本遗传基因型,从而获得优良稳定材料。至今已建立多种石蒜属植物的组培快繁体系[4],但主要以带基盘的双鳞片或鳞茎为外植体,通过诱导不定芽来建立离体快繁体系,繁殖系数相对较低。通过体胚发生途径,可获得数量更多、发育速度更快、遗传性更稳定的再生植株,在栎属Quercus[5]、松科Pinaceae[6−7]及云杉属Picea[8]等植物建立的体胚发生体系,加速了林木育种改良、苗木工程绿化、有效成分提取及种质资源保护与利用等方面的应用。然而,多数植物体胚的研究仍存在体胚形成再生植株困难和发育不同步等瓶颈[9]。关于石蒜属植物体胚相关的研究,仅王彩霞等[10]通过诱导忽地笑Lycoris aurea鳞茎盘端1/3鳞茎的愈伤组织,进而分化体胚,而关于石蒜属其他种的体胚研究还相对较少。鉴于此,本研究分析了石蒜‘梦幻少女’体胚发生过程中的细胞学与生理特性,探索其体胚繁殖体系及发育机理,为石蒜属植物工厂化育苗提供技术支撑。
Cytological and physiological characteristics of somatic embryogenesis in Lycoris
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摘要:
目的 探究石蒜‘梦幻少女’Lycoris chinensis × radiata ‘Astro Girl’体胚发生过程中的细胞学和生理生化指标的变化规律,明确‘梦幻少女’体胚发生的特征,提高石蒜属Lycoris植物种球繁殖效率,为石蒜属新品种工厂化生产提供技术支撑。 方法 采用石蜡切片、酶联免疫吸附测定技术和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术,测定了0~40 d‘梦幻少女’体胚发生过程中的形态和组织学特征、体胚可溶性淀粉及总蛋白质、抗氧化酶活性和多胺等生理生化指标的变化。 结果 ①体胚发生过程中,从球形胚到短暂膨大约20 d,进一步分化为心形胚、棒状胚和子叶胚,膨大的球形胚后期或心形胚时期基部会形成维管束。②体胚发生过程中,总蛋白质和淀粉、抗氧化酶活性发生显著变化,淀粉变化与球形胚的形成呈正相关,与体胚形态建成和体胚成熟呈负相关。总蛋白质、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性变化与子叶胚形成呈正相关,与子叶胚的成熟发育呈负相关。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化与球形胚、子叶胚时期呈负相关,与心形胚、棒状胚时期呈正相关,表明储能作用的淀粉、蛋白质及与植物生理密切相关的抗氧化酶对体胚发生起着重要的作用。③体胚发生过程中多胺氧化酶(PAO)活性和多胺(PAs)变化显著,腐胺(Put)、精胺(Spm)和亚精胺(Spd)的变化共同决定多胺的变化趋势,多胺和多胺氧化酶活性主要在体胚分化早期发生明显积累,与球形胚分化呈正相关;在子叶胚的形成期,精胺与亚精胺呈正相关;在子叶胚成熟期,腐胺、精胺和亚精胺3个指标呈现腐胺先下降后上升,精胺、亚精胺先上升后下降的趋势。 结论 在‘梦幻少女’体胚发生的0~40 d,体胚形态经历了原胚—球形胚—心形胚—棒状胚—子叶胚的过程。其中,生理特性变化显著,淀粉的积累或消耗可能是球形胚形成、体胚后续形态发育与成熟的重要影响因素。在子叶胚形成及成熟时期,总蛋白质、过氧化酶活性和多胺的变化可能发挥着相应密切的联合作用。多氨氧化酶活性与多胺的活跃积累可能有利于体胚早期发育。图4参32 Abstract:Objective This study, with an exploration of the changes of cytology and physiological and biochemical indexes during somatic embryogenesis of Lycoris chinensis × radiate ‘Astro Girl’, which can improve the coefficient and quality of tissue culture and rapid propagation of ‘Astro Girl’, is aimed to provide technical support for the factory production of new Lycoris varieties. Method Paraffin section, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to determine the changes of somatic embryo morphology, histology and corresponding physiological and biochemical indexes such as content of soluble starch and total protein, antioxidant enzyme activity and polyamine content during somatic embryo culture (0 − 40 d) of ‘Astro Girl’. Result (1) During the process of somatic embryogenesis, the globular embryo lasted for about 20 days from initiation to transient expansion, before it was further differentiated into heart-shaped embryo, rod-shaped embryo and cotyledon embryo with vascular bundles formed at the base of the enlarged globular embryo or heart-shaped embryo. (2) During somatic embryogenesis, significant changes occurred in the content of total protein and starch and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The change of starch content was positively correlated with the formation of globular embryo and negatively correlated with somatic embryo morphogenesis and somatic embryo maturation, whereas the changes of total protein (TP) content, peroxidase (POD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity were positively correlated with cotyledon embryo formation but negatively correlated with cotyledon embryo maturation. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was negatively correlated with globular embryo and cotyledon embryo, but positively correlated with heart-shaped embryo and rod-shaped embryo. Such results showed that starch, protein and antioxidant enzymes which are closely related to plant physiology play an important role in somatic embryogenesis. (3) The activity of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and the content of polyamine (PAs) changed significantly during somatic embryogenesis, and the contents of putrescine (Put), spermine (Spm) and spermidine (Spd) determined the change trend of polyamine content. Polyamine content and polyamine oxidase activity mainly accumulated in the early stage of somatic embryo differentiation, which was positively correlated with globular embryo differentiation, and the changes of spermine and spermidine content were positively correlated during cotyledon embryo formation. In the mature stage of cotyledon embryo, putrescine, spermine and spermidine decreased at first and then increased, while spermine and spermidine increased at first and then decreased. Conclusion During the 0 − 40 days of somatic embryogenesis of ‘Astro Girl’, the main morphology of somatic embryo developed from proembryo, globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo and rod-shaped embryo to cotyledon embryo, among which, the physiological characteristics changed significantly, and the accumulation or consumption of starch content may be an important factor affecting the formation of globular embryo and the subsequent morphological development and maturation of somatic embryo. During the formation and maturation of cotyledon embryo, the changes of total protein content, peroxidase activity and polyamine content may play a closely joint role. The active accumulation of polyamine oxidase activity and polyamine content may be beneficial to the early development of somatic embryos. [Ch, 4 fig. 32 ref.] -
Key words:
- Lycoris /
- callus /
- somatic embryo /
- physiology and biochemistry
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20230321