Research progress on the types, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds in <i>Chrysanthemum × morifolium</i>

ZHAO Fan; HUANG Guolin; XIAO Xiaoling; LIU YANG; LI Weidong; TANG Guimei

doi:10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240567

Volume 42 Issue 5

Oct. 2025

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ZHAO Fan, HUANG Guolin, XIAO Xiaoling, et al. Research progress on the types, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds in Chrysanthemum × morifolium[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2025, 42(5): 922−933 doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240567

Citation:

ZHAO Fan, HUANG Guolin, XIAO Xiaoling, et al. Research progress on the types, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds in Chrysanthemum × morifolium[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2025, 42(5): 922−933 doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240567

Research progress on the types, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds in Chrysanthemum × morifolium

DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240567

ZHAO Fan^{1, 2, 3
,},
HUANG Guolin^{1, 2, 3},
XIAO Xiaoling^{1, 2, 3},
LIU YANG^{1, 2, 3},
LI Weidong^{1, 2, 3},
TANG Guimei^{1, 2, 3
,
,}

1.
Horticultural Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
2.
Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China
3.
Hunan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Comprehensive Utilization of Ornamental Plants, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, Hunan, China

Received Date: 2024-10-10
Accepted Date: 2025-06-30
Rev Recd Date: 2025-04-14

Available Online: 2025-10-29

Publish Date: 2025-10-20

Abstract

Chrysanthemum × morifolium, a plant with a long history of ornamental, edible, and medicinal uses, contains bioactive compounds with multiple functions, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor properties. This article reviews the types and mechanisms of action of bioactive compounds in C. × morifolium, summarizes their biosynthetic pathways, and elucidates the regulatory mechanisms governing their synthesis. Chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), flavone synthase (FNS), flavonol synthase (FLS), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), and UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) have been identified as key players in the synthesis of bioactive compounds. The biosynthesis is hierarchically regulated: transcription factor families such as MYB, bHLH, and AP2/ERF, modulate structural gene expression by binding to specific promoter elements. Additionally, miRNAs affect the synthesis of these compounds by targeting crucial structural genes and transcription factors. Although many researches have been conducted on flavonoid structure and biosynthesis in C. × morifolium, studies on the synthesis mechanism of chlorogenic acid, an important pharmacological component, remain limited and require further exploration. Clarifying the global regulatory network of bioactive compound biosynthesis and the molecular crosstalk between secondary metabolic pathways will be crucial for developing sustainable and efficient synthesis strategies for C. × morifolium active compounds, thereby advancing the development of the C. × morifolium industry. [Ch, 5 fig. 1 tab. 81 ref.]
- Chrysanthemum × morifolium,
- bioactive compounds,
- biosynthetic pathways,
- regulatory mechanisms

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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菊花Chrysanthemum × morifolium是菊科Asteraceae菊属Chrysanthemum植物，是观赏植物中变异类型最丰富的花卉之一，在中国已有3 000多年的栽培历史^[1−2] ，品种资源丰富，文化底蕴深厚。菊花是药食兼用功能型花卉^[3−4]，其药用价值最早记载于《神农本草经》^[5]，并被《中国药典》收录为散热清风、平肝名目的药材，也是国家卫生健康委员会认定的8种花源性食用药之一。此外，菊花还具有多种人体必需的氨基酸^[6]，广泛应用于功能性食品和饮料中^{[2, 7]}。近年来的研究揭示了菊花具有抗氧化、抗炎抑菌等生物活性，其活性成分的鉴定与功能研究不断深入。鉴于其天然来源的安全性，解析菊花活性物质的合成调控机制并开发绿色合成技术具有重要的科学意义和应用价值。本研究系统总结了菊花中活性物质的种类、合成途径及其调控机制的研究进展，旨在为菊花活性成分开发、绿色高效合成和多功能新品种培育提供理论支持，推动菊花在观赏、食用和药用领域的多元化发展，提升其经济与社会效益。

4. 展望

目前，植物活性物质合成过程中有关基因酶的克隆鉴定以及异源表达都取得了突破性进展。在天然次生代谢产物中，类黄酮化合物的结构及生物合成途径是目前研究最为清楚的途径之一，菊花中的活性物质研究也集中在类黄酮，包括木犀草素、芹菜素、金合欢素等，CmCHS、CmCHI、CmF3H、CmF3'H、CmFNS、CmFLS、Cm4CL、CmUGT是菊花类黄酮合成的关键基因，而TPS基因家族控制萜类合成酶(TSs)的合成，是菊花产生单半萜和倍半萜的决定因素，相比之下，绿原酸合成机制研究较少，有待进一步探索。

传统菊花活性物质提取是从植物中直接提取，受资源、季节、气候等影响较大，且天然含量低、化学合成困难，难以满足市场需求。因此，绿色高效的生物合成是未来获取菊花活性物质的重要途径，也是大健康领域研究热点。然而活性物质合成是一个多层次、立体的复杂网络，目前对其合成途径的总体调控以及次生代谢途径之间的协调机制等知之甚少，因此解析菊花活性物质的结构、合成途径及其调控网络，从不同侧面对活性物质合成过程及其调控加以整合分析和设计，是未来菊花活性物质利用的重点任务。

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分类	名称	测定方法	测定部位	参考文献
类黄酮	芹菜素-7-葡萄糖苷apigenin-7-O-glucoside	UF-LC-MS、UPLC	干花序	[18−21]
	木犀草素luteolin	NMR、UPLC-MS/MS、HPLC-MIPSPE	干花序	[22−25]
	木犀草苷luteoloside	UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS、UF-LC-MS、UPLC-MS/MS	鲜花序、干花序	[8, 19−20, 23, 26]
	木犀草素-7-葡萄糖醛酸苷luteolin-7-O-glucuronide	LC-MS、UF-LC-MS、UPLC-MS/MS	鲜花序、干花序	[8, 19−20, 26]
	橙皮素hesperetin	LC-MS、NMR	鲜花序、干花序	[8, 24]
	山柰酚kaempferol	HPLC-MIPSPE	干花序	[24]
	杨梅素myricetin	HPLC-MIPSPE	干花序	[24]
	芹菜素apigenin	LC-MS、NMR、UF-LC-MS	鲜花序、茎、干花序	[8, 22−23]
	槲皮素quercetin	UF-LC-MS、NMR	干花序、茎	[8, 22]
	芦丁quercetin 3-O-rutinoside	LC-MS	鲜花序	[8]
	金合欢素acacetin	UF-LC-MS、NMR	干花序、茎	[8, 22]
	圣草酚eriodictyol	NMR	茎	[22]
	异鼠李素isorhamnetin	HPLC-MIPSPE	干花序	[25]
	樱黄素prunetin	HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS	干花序	[21]

酚酸	1,4-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸1,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid	LC-MS、NMR、UPLC	干花序、茎	[8, 19, 22]
	1,3-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid	UPLC-MS/MS	干花序	[26]
	1,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid	LC-MS、NMR、UF-LC-MS	干花序、茎	[8, 20, 22]
	3,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid	LC-MS、NMR、UF-LC-MS、UF-LC-MS	干花序、茎	[8, 20, 22−23]
	4,5-O-二咖啡酰奎宁酸4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid	LC-MS、UPLC	干花序	[8, 19]
	绿原酸chlorogenic acid	LC-MS、NMR、UF-LC-MS、UPLC-MS/MS	干花序序、茎	[8, 20, 22−23, 26]
	咖啡酸affeic acid	LC-MS	干花序	[8]
	没食子酸gallic acid	NMR	茎	[24]

萜类	β-榄香烯(–)-β-elemene	GC-MS	干花序	[17]
	(E)-β-金合欢烯cis-β-farnesene	GC-MS	干花序	[17]
	β-半水芹烯(–)-β-sesquiphellandrene	GC-MS	干花序	[17]
	(+)-喇叭烯(+)-ledene	GC-MS	干花序	[17]
	桉叶油素1,8-cineole	GC-MS	鲜花序	[16]
	樟脑camphor	GC-MS	鲜花序	[16]
	丁香酚eugenol	GC-MS	鲜花序	[16]
	β-石竹烯β-caryophyllene	GC-MS	鲜花序	[16]
	α-姜烯α-zingiberene	GC-MS	鲜花序	[16]
	β-蒎烯β-curcumene	GC-MS	鲜花序	[16]
	石竹烯氧化物caryophyllene oxide	GC-MS	鲜花序	[16]
	α-没药醇α-bisabolol	GC-MS	鲜花序	[16]
	香芹酮carvone	NMR	茎	[24]
说明：UF-LC-MS. 超滤液相色谱-质谱联用技术；UPLC. 超高效液相色谱法；NMR.核磁共振波谱法；UPLC-MS/MS. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术；HPLC-MIPSPE. 高效液相色谱-分子印迹固相萃取在线联用技术；UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. 超高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱联用技术。LC-MS. 液相色谱-质谱联用技术；GC-MS.气相色谱-质谱联用技术。

Research progress on the types, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds in Chrysanthemum × morifolium

DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240567

Abstract

References

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Related

Proportional views

Research progress on the types, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds in Chrysanthemum × morifolium

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240567

HTML

1.1. 菊花活性物质类型

1.1.1. 类黄酮

1.1.2. 酚酸

1.1.3. 萜类

1.2. 菊花活性物质的功效

2.1. 类黄酮合成途径及有关基因

2.2. 酚酸合成途径及有关基因

2.3. 萜类合成途径及有关基因

3.1. 转录因子

3.2. miRNA

Catalog

Research progress on the types, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds in Chrysanthemum × morifolium

DOI: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240567

Abstract

Relative Article

References

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Related

Proportional views

Research progress on the types, biosynthetic pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of bioactive compounds in Chrysanthemum × morifolium

doi: 10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20240567

HTML

1.1. 菊花活性物质类型

1.1.1. 类黄酮

1.1.2. 酚酸

1.1.3. 萜类

1.2. 菊花活性物质的功效

2.1. 类黄酮合成途径及有关基因

2.2. 酚酸合成途径及有关基因

2.3. 萜类合成途径及有关基因

3.1. 转录因子

3.2. miRNA

Catalog

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