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桂花Osmanthus fragrans为木犀科Oleaceae园林观赏植物,是中国十大传统名花之一,桂花树形优美、叶色青翠、香味馥郁,在园林中应用广泛[1]。目前,桂花在食品、化妆品和药品中的应用已经逐渐成熟[2],新兴的桂花香水、乳液、香熏和精油等高档化妆品也逐渐打开市场[3−5]。然而,桂花花期较短,最佳观赏期和采收期仅2~3 d,极大地限制了其观赏价值与经济价值[6−7]。
已有研究证明:OfABFs基因可能参与调控桂花花瓣衰老[8];蒋琦妮等[9]研究发现:桂花OfAP1基因在桂花成花转变、花芽分化和发育中有重要作用。向其柏等[10]研究发现:许多经济采收价值较高的桂花品种对乙烯敏感,非授粉诱导的内源乙烯跃变是其衰老的重要调控因子。朱诚等[11]研究表明:盛花末期乙烯释放量的迅速增加及膜脂过氧化程度加剧是导致‘薄叶金桂’O. fragrans‘Baoye Jingui’衰老的主要生理原因。ZHOU等[12]发现:外源乙烯利处理明显加速‘厚瓣金桂’O. fragrans‘Houban Jingui’和‘柳叶金桂’O. fragrans‘Liuye Jingui’的衰老,而乙烯抑制剂硫代硫酸银则延长了其观赏寿命。ZOU等[6]发现‘柳叶金桂’内源乙烯跃变峰的出现与花瓣褐化、脱落等衰老特征同时发生,外源乙烯处理不仅明显加速了切花花瓣的萎蔫和脱落,还导致花瓣细胞中央大液泡破裂、各细胞器扭曲挤缩变形,加剧了 DNA 断裂,降低了抗氧化酶活性,增加了超氧自由基的激发和膜脂过氧化程度。由此可见:桂花是乙烯敏感型花卉,乙烯参与了其花瓣衰老过程中花瓣脱落和萎蔫、细胞结构变化、氧化还原系统及核酸降解等多个过程的调节,是桂花衰老的重要调控因子。然而,尚不清楚该过程中内源乙烯合成途径。
氨基环丙烷羧酸氧化酶(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carbox-ylate oxidase, ACO)作为乙烯生物合成途径中的最后一个关键酶,直接催化乙烯的合成,被认为是高等植物中乙烯应答的主要标志[13]。ACO早期被ADAMS等[14]发现,并命名为乙烯形成酶,后来发现需要抗坏血酸和氧作为辅助底物,因此称为ACC氧化酶。目前,ACO基因家族在多个物种中都有研究,SORNCHAI 等[15]通过导入石斛Dendrobium CpACO 基因延长了其花期;有研究表明:杨树Populus ACO基因参与调节林木茎的生长发育[16]。植物ACO基因的表达受到生长素、干旱以及盐胁迫的抑制[17];番茄Lycopersicon esculentum、花椰菜Brassica oleracea var. botrytis的ACO基因表达受脱落酸、外部机械损伤和低温的诱导[18]。在拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana中[19],ACO1受多种信号调控,影响植株的乙烯产量。然而,目前桂花中还未见相关基因的报道。本研究以‘柳叶金桂’为试材,利用生物信息学方法和工具对桂花OfACOs家族进行鉴定、进化分析、基因结构分析、表达模式分析等,为进一步探索桂花花瓣衰老机制以及提高桂花园林赏花价值与经济价值提供指导。
Identification and expression of OfACOs gene family in Osmanthus fragrans
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摘要:
目的 对桂花Osmanthus fragrans乙烯合成路径氨基环丙烷羧酸氧化酶(1-aminocyclopropane-1-carbox-ylate oxidase, ACO)基因家族进行了全基因组鉴定及表达分析,以探索参与桂花花瓣乙烯合成的关键ACO家族成员。 方法 以桂花品种‘柳叶金桂’O. fragrans‘Liuye Jingui’为参考基因组,对桂花OfACOs家族进行鉴定、进化分析、基因结构分析以及根、茎、叶、芽和不同开花阶段的表达模式分析。 结果 通过蛋白保守结构域(protein families, pfam)分析,从桂花基因组中共鉴定出了122个OfACOs成员,分布于22条染色体上;保守基序分析表明:大多数OfACOs基因同时包含 Motif 1、 Motif 2、Motif 3、Motif 4和Motif 7这5个保守基序,它们共同组成OfACOs保守结构域;共线性分析结果表明:与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana基因为共线性对的基因可能具有相似的功能。结合swiss-prot同源序列对比分析,筛选出27个成员作为候选研究对象,进行不同组织部位根、茎、叶、芽和不同开花阶段的转录组测序分析,结果发现:12个成员在花瓣中显著表达,其中LYG006223、LYG007706、LYG007045、LYG035696等4个成员在开花后期极显著差异上调表达。进一步对该4个成员进行荧光定量PCR验证分析,结果与转录组测序结果一致。 结论 通过OfACOs基因家族的全基因组鉴定及基因克隆分析,筛选到在开花后期显著差异上调的4个ACO家族成员可能参与桂花花瓣衰老的调控。图6参34 Abstract:Objective The objective of this study is to identify and analyze the gene family of OfACOs in ethylene biosynthesis pathway, so as to explore the key 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carbox-ylate oxidase (ACO) family members involved in the ethylene synthesis of Osmanthus fragrans petals. Method The identification, evolutionary analysis, gene structure analysis, and expression pattern analysis of OfACOs gene family at root, stem, leaf, bud and different flowering stages were carried out taking O. fragrans ‘Liuye Jingui’ as the reference genome. Result Through the analysis of protein conserved domain (protein families, pfam), a total of 122 OfACOs members were identified from O. fragrans genome, which were distributed on 22 chromosomes. The conserved motif analysis showed that most OfACOs genes contained Motif 1, Motif 2, Motif 3, Motif 4, and Motif 7, which together formed the OfACOs conserved domain. Collinearity analysis showed that OfACOs genes that were colinear with Arabidopsis thaliana genes might have similar functions. Combined with comparative analysis of switch-prot homologous sequence, 27 OfACOs members were selected as candidate research objects for transcriptome sequencing analysis of different tissue parts, including root, stem, leaf, bud and different flowering stages, and the results showed that 12 OfACOs members were significantly expressed in petals, among which LYG006223, LYG007706, LYG007045, and LYG035696 were significantly up-regulated in the late flowering stage. The four members were further analyzed by RT-qPCR analysis, and the results were consistent with those of transcriptome sequencing. Conclusion Through the whole genome identification and gene cloning analysis of OfACOs gene family, four members of OfACOs which are significantly up-regulated in the late flowering stage are screened, which may participate in O. fragrans petal senescence. [Ch, 6 fig. 34 ref.] -
Key words:
- Osmanthus fragrans /
- OfACOs /
- ethylene /
- petal senescence /
- gene family
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https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.20220783