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开花是植物生命周期中的重要发育阶段,受自身遗传和外界环境因素的影响[1]。FCA(FLOWERING LOCUS CA)参与拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana开花调控,通过多腺苷酸化(polyadenylation)和介导FLC(FLOWERING LOCUS C)染色质的组蛋白去甲基化(demethylation)调控开花[2-4]。拟南芥的fca突变后会抑制开花促进因子FT(FLOWERING LOCUS T)和SOC1(SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS)的表达,fca突变体在不同光周期下均表现出晚花表型[5]。另外,FCA可以激活LFY(LEAFY)和AP1(APETALA1)的活性促进拟南芥开花[6]。将水稻Oryza sativa和巴西橡胶树Hevea brasiliensis的FCA基因转入拟南芥fca突变体,会导致晚花性状出现逆转和恢复[7-8]。由此可见,FCA在植物花期调控方面发挥着重要作用。环境温度影响植物开花时间。植物FCA基因是温敏途径(thermosensory pathway)中的重要基因,可响应温度变化调控植物的花芽分化[9]。与16 ℃相比,23 ℃可促进拟南芥FCA的转录,使FCA蛋白水平升高,fca突变体对温度不敏感[10]。FCA通过诱导FT表达在高温下促进拟南芥开花[11]。与1年生拟南芥相比,一些多年生植物对温度变化的反应及其对开花的影响表现出多样性。例如,在多年生拟南芥的1个祖先近源种Boechera stricta中,与18 ℃相比,25 ℃处理下开花延迟[12];同样,在菊花Chrysanthemum morifolium中,也发现夏季温度升高能延迟菊花开花[13]。目前,对环境温度调控其开花的机理主要集中于模式植物中,木本植物种类繁多,且开花差异很大,关于木本植物中如何响应环境温度变化调控开花的机理仍不清楚。本研究通过对桂花Osmanthus fragrans OfFCA基因的同源克隆和定量聚合酶链式反应(PCR),分析OfFCA在不同温度下桂花不同花芽分化时期不同组织中的表达情况,初步探究OfFCA参与桂花花芽分化的调控作用,为桂花的花期调控、遗传改良以及新品种培育提供一定理论基础。
Cloning and expression analysis of OfFCA gene at flower bud differentiation stages in Osmanthus fragrans
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摘要:
目的 桂花Osmanthus fragrans是著名的香化植物,其花芽分化受到环境温度影响。研究环境温度对桂花花芽分化的影响对桂花的花期调控具有重要的指导意义。 方法 以桂花品种‘堰虹桂’O.fragrans ‘Yanhonggui’为材料,采用石蜡切片观察其花芽分化进程,运用聚合酶链式反应和实时荧光定量技术对影响温度FCA(FLOWERING LOCUS CA)基因分别进行克隆及表达特异性分析。 结果 克隆得到OfFCA cDNA序列长为1 319 bp,其开放阅读框为864 bp,编码287个氨基酸。序列比对及进化分析发现:OfFCA与木犀科Oleaceae油橄榄Olea europaea和胡麻科Pedaliaceae芝麻Sesamum indicum的FCA相似度较高,同源性可达68%以上。在桂花花芽分化的不同时期,无论叶还是花芽中,19℃环境低温下OfFCA基因的表达水平均显著高于25℃常温生长条件下的表达水平。 结论 桂花OfFCA基因响应环境相对低温的变化,参与桂花的花芽分化,使桂花的花期提前。 Abstract:Objective Sweet osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans) is widely used in gardening as a fragrant plant. Its flower bud differentiation is significantly affected by ambient temperature. This research aims to find out the working mechanism of ambient temperature on the flower bud differentiation to help regulate flowering period of sweet osmanthus. Method Gene FCA (FLOWERING LOCUS CA) was studied using O. fragrans 'Yanhonggui' as the material, the process of flower bud differentiation was observed by paraffin section, and OfFCA was cloned and expression analysis was made by PCR and real-time PCR. Result The sequence length of OfFCA cDNA obtained by cloning was 1 319 bp, the Open Reading Frame(ORF) length was 864 bp, and 287 amino acids were encoded. Amino acid sequence alignment and evolutionary analysis showed that OfFCA was similar in FCA to Olea europaea, Oleaceae and Sesamum indicum, Pedaliaceae, with a homology of over 68%. The real time PCR demonstrated that the expression of OfFCA gene was higher at the low temperature (19℃) treatment than control temperature (25℃) in both leaves and flower buds at different flower bud differentiation stages. Conclusion Our work lay a foundation for the studying of regulating flowering time of O. fragrans by ambient temperature. -
Key words:
- forest tree breeding /
- Osmanthus fragrans /
- FCA gene /
- flower bud differentiation /
- gene expression
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链接本文:
https://zlxb.zafu.edu.cn/article/doi/10.11833/j.issn.2095-0756.2020.02.001