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秀珍菇Pleurotus geesteranus是一种常见的食用菌[1],营养丰富、味道鲜美。但秀珍菇采后易发生病害而造成品质下降,常温下仅能储藏2~3 d[2]。微生物侵染是秀珍菇储藏过程中品质下降的主要原因。秀珍菇由于质地脆嫩,品质易受温度影响,传统低温储藏虽能在一定程度上延长秀珍菇保鲜期,但易产生低温冷害,无法长期保存[3-4]。食用菌采后病害影响其储藏品质,不同种类食用菌的致病菌不同,哈茨木霉Trichoderma harzianum是引发金针菇绿霉病的主要致病菌,托拉斯假单胞杆菌Pseudomonas tolaasii能够引发双孢菇湿泡病等[4]。
植物精油是一类从植物中提取的次生代谢物质,具有广谱的抑菌性,易于生物降解和相对安全的特性,近年来在果蔬采后病害防治领域应用广泛[5-6],但在食用真菌的防腐保鲜研究较少。具有采后病害控制作用的植物精油主要有香茅Mosla chinensis精油、桉Eucalyptus robusta精油、甜橙Citrus sinensis精油等,在果蔬的防腐保鲜中均有较好的防治效果[7-9],精油是具有潜在应用价值的生物防治保鲜剂[10-12],不同的精油对各类果蔬采后致病菌的防治效果不尽相同。本研究对秀珍菇采后储藏中的主要病原菌进行分离鉴定,筛选有效精油对其进行抑制,以期为植物精油的秀珍菇采后保鲜提供理论依据。
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